In October 1897 Sommerfeld began the appointment to the Chair of Mathematics at the Bergakademie in Clausthal-Zellerfeld he was successor to Wilhelm Wien. While at Göttingen, Sommerfeld met Johanna Höpfner, daughter of Ernst Höpfner, curator at Göttingen. The association Sommerfeld had with Klein influenced Sommerfeld's turn of mind to be applied mathematics and in the art of lecturing.
The first two volumes were on theory, and the latter two were on applications in geophysics, astronomy, and technology. Lectures by Klein in 18 on rotating bodies led Klein and Sommerfeld to write a four-volume text Die Theorie des Kreisels – a 13-year collaboration, 1897–1910.
#ARNOLD HANS AND FRANZ GIF SERIES#
His lectures on partial differential equations were first offered at Göttingen, and they evolved over his teaching career to become Volume VI of his textbook series Lectures on Theoretical Physics, under the title Partial Differential Equations in Physics. As a Privatdozent, Sommerfeld lectured on a wide range of mathematical and mathematical physics topics. Sommerfeld's Habilitationsschrift was completed under Klein, in 1895, which allowed Sommerfeld to become a Privatdozent at Göttingen. In September 1894, Sommerfeld became Felix Klein's assistant, which included taking comprehensive notes during Klein's lectures and writing them up for the Mathematics Reading Room, as well as managing the reading room. There, he became assistant to Theodor Liebisch, at the Mineralogical Institute, through a fortunate personal contact – Liebisch had been a professor at the University of Königsberg and a friend of the Sommerfeld family. In October 1893, Sommerfeld went to the University of Göttingen, which was the center of mathematics in Germany. With his turned up moustache, his physical build, his Prussian bearing, and the fencing scar on his face, he gave the impression of being a colonel in the hussars. He completed his obligatory military service in September 1893, and for the next eight years continued voluntary eight-week military service. He passed the national exam in 1892 and then began a year of military service, which was done with the reserve regiment in Königsberg. Īfter receiving his doctorate, Sommerfeld remained at Königsberg to work on his teaching diploma. His participation in the student fraternity Deutsche Burschenschaft resulted in a dueling scar on his face. His dissertation advisor was the mathematician Ferdinand von Lindemann, and he also benefited from classes with mathematicians Adolf Hurwitz and David Hilbert and physicist Emil Wiechert. Sommerfeld studied mathematics and physical sciences at the Albertina University of his native city, Königsberg, East Prussia. Sommerfeld was baptized a Christian in his family's Prussian Evangelical Protestant Church, and although not religious, he would never renounce his Christian faith. His father Franz Sommerfeld (1820–1906) was a physician from a leading family in Königsberg, where Arnold's grandfather had resettled from the hinterland in 1822 for a career as Court Postal Secretary in the service of the Kingdom of Prussia. His mother Cäcilie Matthias (1839–1902) was the daughter of a Potsdam builder. Sommerfeld was born in 1868 to a family with deep ancestral roots in Prussia. He also introduced the fine-structure constant and pioneered X-ray wave theory. He introduced the second quantum number ( azimuthal quantum number) and the third quantum number ( magnetic quantum number).
Thomson's record of mentorship offers a comparable list of high-achieving students). He served as doctoral supervisor to many Nobel Prize winners in physics and chemistry (only J. Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, ForMemRS ( German: 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretical physics.
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